Stem cell therapy in premature ovarian insufficiency
Keywords:
premature ovarian insufficiency, stem cell, infertility, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, genetics, apoptosisAbstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined as decreased ovarian function before the expected age of menopause. It is well known that POI increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, cognitive and mood disorders. Appropriate hormone replacement reduces these adverse risks and improves quality of life, but does not affect overall survival. Potential etiologies of POI include chromosomal abnormalities, genetic mutations, autoimmune factors, iatrogenic causes such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. It has been suggested that there is a significant relationship between reproduction and DNA damage. DNA damage in ovarian granulosa cells is involved in the pathogenesis of POI. Depletion of oocytes with damaged DNA occurs through different mechanisms of cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, mediated by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/forkhead transcription. Mesenchymal stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and play an important role in the regeneration of injured tissues. Recent advances in stem cell therapy may be promising new therapeutic options in POI patients. In this article, we reviewed the topic of stem cell therapy in premature ovarian failure.
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